Changed code to support older Python versions

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from .exceptions import SettingsError
+from .main import BaseSettings, CliApp, SettingsConfigDict
+from .sources import (
+    CLI_SUPPRESS,
+    AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource,
+    AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource,
+    CliExplicitFlag,
+    CliImplicitFlag,
+    CliMutuallyExclusiveGroup,
+    CliPositionalArg,
+    CliSettingsSource,
+    CliSubCommand,
+    CliSuppress,
+    CliUnknownArgs,
+    DotEnvSettingsSource,
+    EnvSettingsSource,
+    ForceDecode,
+    GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource,
+    InitSettingsSource,
+    JsonConfigSettingsSource,
+    NestedSecretsSettingsSource,
+    NoDecode,
+    PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+    PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource,
+    SecretsSettingsSource,
+    TomlConfigSettingsSource,
+    YamlConfigSettingsSource,
+    get_subcommand,
+)
+from .version import VERSION
+
+__all__ = (
+    'CLI_SUPPRESS',
+    'AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource',
+    'AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource',
+    'BaseSettings',
+    'CliApp',
+    'CliExplicitFlag',
+    'CliImplicitFlag',
+    'CliMutuallyExclusiveGroup',
+    'CliPositionalArg',
+    'CliSettingsSource',
+    'CliSubCommand',
+    'CliSuppress',
+    'CliUnknownArgs',
+    'DotEnvSettingsSource',
+    'EnvSettingsSource',
+    'ForceDecode',
+    'GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource',
+    'InitSettingsSource',
+    'JsonConfigSettingsSource',
+    'NestedSecretsSettingsSource',
+    'NoDecode',
+    'PydanticBaseSettingsSource',
+    'PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'SecretsSettingsSource',
+    'SettingsConfigDict',
+    'SettingsError',
+    'TomlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'YamlConfigSettingsSource',
+    '__version__',
+    'get_subcommand',
+)
+
+__version__ = VERSION

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class SettingsError(ValueError):
+    """Base exception for settings-related errors."""
+
+    pass

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import inspect
+import threading
+import warnings
+from argparse import Namespace
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+from pydantic._internal._config import config_keys
+from pydantic._internal._signature import _field_name_for_signature
+from pydantic._internal._utils import deep_update, is_model_class
+from pydantic.dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+from pydantic.main import BaseModel
+
+from .exceptions import SettingsError
+from .sources import (
+    ENV_FILE_SENTINEL,
+    CliSettingsSource,
+    DefaultSettingsSource,
+    DotEnvSettingsSource,
+    DotenvType,
+    EnvSettingsSource,
+    InitSettingsSource,
+    JsonConfigSettingsSource,
+    PathType,
+    PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+    PydanticModel,
+    PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource,
+    SecretsSettingsSource,
+    TomlConfigSettingsSource,
+    YamlConfigSettingsSource,
+    get_subcommand,
+)
+from .sources.utils import _get_alias_names
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class SettingsConfigDict(ConfigDict, total=False):
+    case_sensitive: bool
+    nested_model_default_partial_update: bool | None
+    env_prefix: str
+    env_file: DotenvType | None
+    env_file_encoding: str | None
+    env_ignore_empty: bool
+    env_nested_delimiter: str | None
+    env_nested_max_split: int | None
+    env_parse_none_str: str | None
+    env_parse_enums: bool | None
+    cli_prog_name: str | None
+    cli_parse_args: bool | list[str] | tuple[str, ...] | None
+    cli_parse_none_str: str | None
+    cli_hide_none_type: bool
+    cli_avoid_json: bool
+    cli_enforce_required: bool
+    cli_use_class_docs_for_groups: bool
+    cli_exit_on_error: bool
+    cli_prefix: str
+    cli_flag_prefix_char: str
+    cli_implicit_flags: bool | None
+    cli_ignore_unknown_args: bool | None
+    cli_kebab_case: bool | Literal['all', 'no_enums'] | None
+    cli_shortcuts: Mapping[str, str | list[str]] | None
+    secrets_dir: PathType | None
+    json_file: PathType | None
+    json_file_encoding: str | None
+    yaml_file: PathType | None
+    yaml_file_encoding: str | None
+    yaml_config_section: str | None
+    """
+    Specifies the top-level key in a YAML file from which to load the settings.
+    If provided, the settings will be loaded from the nested section under this key.
+    This is useful when the YAML file contains multiple configuration sections
+    and you only want to load a specific subset into your settings model.
+    """
+
+    pyproject_toml_depth: int
+    """
+    Number of levels **up** from the current working directory to attempt to find a pyproject.toml
+    file.
+
+    This is only used when a pyproject.toml file is not found in the current working directory.
+    """
+
+    pyproject_toml_table_header: tuple[str, ...]
+    """
+    Header of the TOML table within a pyproject.toml file to use when filling variables.
+    This is supplied as a `tuple[str, ...]` instead of a `str` to accommodate for headers
+    containing a `.`.
+
+    For example, `toml_table_header = ("tool", "my.tool", "foo")` can be used to fill variable
+    values from a table with header `[tool."my.tool".foo]`.
+
+    To use the root table, exclude this config setting or provide an empty tuple.
+    """
+
+    toml_file: PathType | None
+    enable_decoding: bool
+
+
+# Extend `config_keys` by pydantic settings config keys to
+# support setting config through class kwargs.
+# Pydantic uses `config_keys` in `pydantic._internal._config.ConfigWrapper.for_model`
+# to extract config keys from model kwargs, So, by adding pydantic settings keys to
+# `config_keys`, they will be considered as valid config keys and will be collected
+# by Pydantic.
+config_keys |= set(SettingsConfigDict.__annotations__.keys())
+
+
+class BaseSettings(BaseModel):
+    """
+    Base class for settings, allowing values to be overridden by environment variables.
+
+    This is useful in production for secrets you do not wish to save in code, it plays nicely with docker(-compose),
+    Heroku and any 12 factor app design.
+
+    All the below attributes can be set via `model_config`.
+
+    Args:
+        _case_sensitive: Whether environment and CLI variable names should be read with case-sensitivity.
+            Defaults to `None`.
+        _nested_model_default_partial_update: Whether to allow partial updates on nested model default object fields.
+            Defaults to `False`.
+        _env_prefix: Prefix for all environment variables. Defaults to `None`.
+        _env_file: The env file(s) to load settings values from. Defaults to `Path('')`, which
+            means that the value from `model_config['env_file']` should be used. You can also pass
+            `None` to indicate that environment variables should not be loaded from an env file.
+        _env_file_encoding: The env file encoding, e.g. `'latin-1'`. Defaults to `None`.
+        _env_ignore_empty: Ignore environment variables where the value is an empty string. Default to `False`.
+        _env_nested_delimiter: The nested env values delimiter. Defaults to `None`.
+        _env_nested_max_split: The nested env values maximum nesting. Defaults to `None`, which means no limit.
+        _env_parse_none_str: The env string value that should be parsed (e.g. "null", "void", "None", etc.)
+            into `None` type(None). Defaults to `None` type(None), which means no parsing should occur.
+        _env_parse_enums: Parse enum field names to values. Defaults to `None.`, which means no parsing should occur.
+        _cli_prog_name: The CLI program name to display in help text. Defaults to `None` if _cli_parse_args is `None`.
+            Otherwise, defaults to sys.argv[0].
+        _cli_parse_args: The list of CLI arguments to parse. Defaults to None.
+            If set to `True`, defaults to sys.argv[1:].
+        _cli_settings_source: Override the default CLI settings source with a user defined instance. Defaults to None.
+        _cli_parse_none_str: The CLI string value that should be parsed (e.g. "null", "void", "None", etc.) into
+            `None` type(None). Defaults to _env_parse_none_str value if set. Otherwise, defaults to "null" if
+            _cli_avoid_json is `False`, and "None" if _cli_avoid_json is `True`.
+        _cli_hide_none_type: Hide `None` values in CLI help text. Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_avoid_json: Avoid complex JSON objects in CLI help text. Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_enforce_required: Enforce required fields at the CLI. Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_use_class_docs_for_groups: Use class docstrings in CLI group help text instead of field descriptions.
+            Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_exit_on_error: Determines whether or not the internal parser exits with error info when an error occurs.
+            Defaults to `True`.
+        _cli_prefix: The root parser command line arguments prefix. Defaults to "".
+        _cli_flag_prefix_char: The flag prefix character to use for CLI optional arguments. Defaults to '-'.
+        _cli_implicit_flags: Whether `bool` fields should be implicitly converted into CLI boolean flags.
+            (e.g. --flag, --no-flag). Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_ignore_unknown_args: Whether to ignore unknown CLI args and parse only known ones. Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_kebab_case: CLI args use kebab case. Defaults to `False`.
+        _cli_shortcuts: Mapping of target field name to alias names. Defaults to `None`.
+        _secrets_dir: The secret files directory or a sequence of directories. Defaults to `None`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        __pydantic_self__,
+        _case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        _nested_model_default_partial_update: bool | None = None,
+        _env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        _env_file: DotenvType | None = ENV_FILE_SENTINEL,
+        _env_file_encoding: str | None = None,
+        _env_ignore_empty: bool | None = None,
+        _env_nested_delimiter: str | None = None,
+        _env_nested_max_split: int | None = None,
+        _env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        _env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_prog_name: str | None = None,
+        _cli_parse_args: bool | list[str] | tuple[str, ...] | None = None,
+        _cli_settings_source: CliSettingsSource[Any] | None = None,
+        _cli_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        _cli_hide_none_type: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_avoid_json: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_enforce_required: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_use_class_docs_for_groups: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_exit_on_error: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_prefix: str | None = None,
+        _cli_flag_prefix_char: str | None = None,
+        _cli_implicit_flags: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_ignore_unknown_args: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_kebab_case: bool | Literal['all', 'no_enums'] | None = None,
+        _cli_shortcuts: Mapping[str, str | list[str]] | None = None,
+        _secrets_dir: PathType | None = None,
+        **values: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            **__pydantic_self__._settings_build_values(
+                values,
+                _case_sensitive=_case_sensitive,
+                _nested_model_default_partial_update=_nested_model_default_partial_update,
+                _env_prefix=_env_prefix,
+                _env_file=_env_file,
+                _env_file_encoding=_env_file_encoding,
+                _env_ignore_empty=_env_ignore_empty,
+                _env_nested_delimiter=_env_nested_delimiter,
+                _env_nested_max_split=_env_nested_max_split,
+                _env_parse_none_str=_env_parse_none_str,
+                _env_parse_enums=_env_parse_enums,
+                _cli_prog_name=_cli_prog_name,
+                _cli_parse_args=_cli_parse_args,
+                _cli_settings_source=_cli_settings_source,
+                _cli_parse_none_str=_cli_parse_none_str,
+                _cli_hide_none_type=_cli_hide_none_type,
+                _cli_avoid_json=_cli_avoid_json,
+                _cli_enforce_required=_cli_enforce_required,
+                _cli_use_class_docs_for_groups=_cli_use_class_docs_for_groups,
+                _cli_exit_on_error=_cli_exit_on_error,
+                _cli_prefix=_cli_prefix,
+                _cli_flag_prefix_char=_cli_flag_prefix_char,
+                _cli_implicit_flags=_cli_implicit_flags,
+                _cli_ignore_unknown_args=_cli_ignore_unknown_args,
+                _cli_kebab_case=_cli_kebab_case,
+                _cli_shortcuts=_cli_shortcuts,
+                _secrets_dir=_secrets_dir,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def settings_customise_sources(
+        cls,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        init_settings: PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+        env_settings: PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+        dotenv_settings: PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+        file_secret_settings: PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+    ) -> tuple[PydanticBaseSettingsSource, ...]:
+        """
+        Define the sources and their order for loading the settings values.
+
+        Args:
+            settings_cls: The Settings class.
+            init_settings: The `InitSettingsSource` instance.
+            env_settings: The `EnvSettingsSource` instance.
+            dotenv_settings: The `DotEnvSettingsSource` instance.
+            file_secret_settings: The `SecretsSettingsSource` instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple containing the sources and their order for loading the settings values.
+        """
+        return init_settings, env_settings, dotenv_settings, file_secret_settings
+
+    def _settings_build_values(
+        self,
+        init_kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        _case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        _nested_model_default_partial_update: bool | None = None,
+        _env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        _env_file: DotenvType | None = None,
+        _env_file_encoding: str | None = None,
+        _env_ignore_empty: bool | None = None,
+        _env_nested_delimiter: str | None = None,
+        _env_nested_max_split: int | None = None,
+        _env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        _env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_prog_name: str | None = None,
+        _cli_parse_args: bool | list[str] | tuple[str, ...] | None = None,
+        _cli_settings_source: CliSettingsSource[Any] | None = None,
+        _cli_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        _cli_hide_none_type: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_avoid_json: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_enforce_required: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_use_class_docs_for_groups: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_exit_on_error: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_prefix: str | None = None,
+        _cli_flag_prefix_char: str | None = None,
+        _cli_implicit_flags: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_ignore_unknown_args: bool | None = None,
+        _cli_kebab_case: bool | Literal['all', 'no_enums'] | None = None,
+        _cli_shortcuts: Mapping[str, str | list[str]] | None = None,
+        _secrets_dir: PathType | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        # Determine settings config values
+        case_sensitive = _case_sensitive if _case_sensitive is not None else self.model_config.get('case_sensitive')
+        env_prefix = _env_prefix if _env_prefix is not None else self.model_config.get('env_prefix')
+        nested_model_default_partial_update = (
+            _nested_model_default_partial_update
+            if _nested_model_default_partial_update is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('nested_model_default_partial_update')
+        )
+        env_file = _env_file if _env_file != ENV_FILE_SENTINEL else self.model_config.get('env_file')
+        env_file_encoding = (
+            _env_file_encoding if _env_file_encoding is not None else self.model_config.get('env_file_encoding')
+        )
+        env_ignore_empty = (
+            _env_ignore_empty if _env_ignore_empty is not None else self.model_config.get('env_ignore_empty')
+        )
+        env_nested_delimiter = (
+            _env_nested_delimiter
+            if _env_nested_delimiter is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('env_nested_delimiter')
+        )
+        env_nested_max_split = (
+            _env_nested_max_split
+            if _env_nested_max_split is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('env_nested_max_split')
+        )
+        env_parse_none_str = (
+            _env_parse_none_str if _env_parse_none_str is not None else self.model_config.get('env_parse_none_str')
+        )
+        env_parse_enums = _env_parse_enums if _env_parse_enums is not None else self.model_config.get('env_parse_enums')
+
+        cli_prog_name = _cli_prog_name if _cli_prog_name is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_prog_name')
+        cli_parse_args = _cli_parse_args if _cli_parse_args is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_parse_args')
+        cli_settings_source = (
+            _cli_settings_source if _cli_settings_source is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_settings_source')
+        )
+        cli_parse_none_str = (
+            _cli_parse_none_str if _cli_parse_none_str is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_parse_none_str')
+        )
+        cli_parse_none_str = cli_parse_none_str if not env_parse_none_str else env_parse_none_str
+        cli_hide_none_type = (
+            _cli_hide_none_type if _cli_hide_none_type is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_hide_none_type')
+        )
+        cli_avoid_json = _cli_avoid_json if _cli_avoid_json is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_avoid_json')
+        cli_enforce_required = (
+            _cli_enforce_required
+            if _cli_enforce_required is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('cli_enforce_required')
+        )
+        cli_use_class_docs_for_groups = (
+            _cli_use_class_docs_for_groups
+            if _cli_use_class_docs_for_groups is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('cli_use_class_docs_for_groups')
+        )
+        cli_exit_on_error = (
+            _cli_exit_on_error if _cli_exit_on_error is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_exit_on_error')
+        )
+        cli_prefix = _cli_prefix if _cli_prefix is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_prefix')
+        cli_flag_prefix_char = (
+            _cli_flag_prefix_char
+            if _cli_flag_prefix_char is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('cli_flag_prefix_char')
+        )
+        cli_implicit_flags = (
+            _cli_implicit_flags if _cli_implicit_flags is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_implicit_flags')
+        )
+        cli_ignore_unknown_args = (
+            _cli_ignore_unknown_args
+            if _cli_ignore_unknown_args is not None
+            else self.model_config.get('cli_ignore_unknown_args')
+        )
+        cli_kebab_case = _cli_kebab_case if _cli_kebab_case is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_kebab_case')
+        cli_shortcuts = _cli_shortcuts if _cli_shortcuts is not None else self.model_config.get('cli_shortcuts')
+
+        secrets_dir = _secrets_dir if _secrets_dir is not None else self.model_config.get('secrets_dir')
+
+        # Configure built-in sources
+        default_settings = DefaultSettingsSource(
+            self.__class__, nested_model_default_partial_update=nested_model_default_partial_update
+        )
+        init_settings = InitSettingsSource(
+            self.__class__,
+            init_kwargs=init_kwargs,
+            nested_model_default_partial_update=nested_model_default_partial_update,
+        )
+        env_settings = EnvSettingsSource(
+            self.__class__,
+            case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix=env_prefix,
+            env_nested_delimiter=env_nested_delimiter,
+            env_nested_max_split=env_nested_max_split,
+            env_ignore_empty=env_ignore_empty,
+            env_parse_none_str=env_parse_none_str,
+            env_parse_enums=env_parse_enums,
+        )
+        dotenv_settings = DotEnvSettingsSource(
+            self.__class__,
+            env_file=env_file,
+            env_file_encoding=env_file_encoding,
+            case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix=env_prefix,
+            env_nested_delimiter=env_nested_delimiter,
+            env_nested_max_split=env_nested_max_split,
+            env_ignore_empty=env_ignore_empty,
+            env_parse_none_str=env_parse_none_str,
+            env_parse_enums=env_parse_enums,
+        )
+
+        file_secret_settings = SecretsSettingsSource(
+            self.__class__, secrets_dir=secrets_dir, case_sensitive=case_sensitive, env_prefix=env_prefix
+        )
+        # Provide a hook to set built-in sources priority and add / remove sources
+        sources = self.settings_customise_sources(
+            self.__class__,
+            init_settings=init_settings,
+            env_settings=env_settings,
+            dotenv_settings=dotenv_settings,
+            file_secret_settings=file_secret_settings,
+        ) + (default_settings,)
+        custom_cli_sources = [source for source in sources if isinstance(source, CliSettingsSource)]
+        if not any(custom_cli_sources):
+            if isinstance(cli_settings_source, CliSettingsSource):
+                sources = (cli_settings_source,) + sources
+            elif cli_parse_args is not None:
+                cli_settings = CliSettingsSource[Any](
+                    self.__class__,
+                    cli_prog_name=cli_prog_name,
+                    cli_parse_args=cli_parse_args,
+                    cli_parse_none_str=cli_parse_none_str,
+                    cli_hide_none_type=cli_hide_none_type,
+                    cli_avoid_json=cli_avoid_json,
+                    cli_enforce_required=cli_enforce_required,
+                    cli_use_class_docs_for_groups=cli_use_class_docs_for_groups,
+                    cli_exit_on_error=cli_exit_on_error,
+                    cli_prefix=cli_prefix,
+                    cli_flag_prefix_char=cli_flag_prefix_char,
+                    cli_implicit_flags=cli_implicit_flags,
+                    cli_ignore_unknown_args=cli_ignore_unknown_args,
+                    cli_kebab_case=cli_kebab_case,
+                    cli_shortcuts=cli_shortcuts,
+                    case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                )
+                sources = (cli_settings,) + sources
+        # We ensure that if command line arguments haven't been parsed yet, we do so.
+        elif cli_parse_args not in (None, False) and not custom_cli_sources[0].env_vars:
+            custom_cli_sources[0](args=cli_parse_args)  # type: ignore
+
+        self._settings_warn_unused_config_keys(sources, self.model_config)
+
+        if sources:
+            state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+            defaults: dict[str, Any] = {}
+            states: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+            for source in sources:
+                if isinstance(source, PydanticBaseSettingsSource):
+                    source._set_current_state(state)
+                    source._set_settings_sources_data(states)
+
+                source_name = source.__name__ if hasattr(source, '__name__') else type(source).__name__
+                source_state = source()
+
+                if isinstance(source, DefaultSettingsSource):
+                    defaults = source_state
+
+                states[source_name] = source_state
+                state = deep_update(source_state, state)
+
+            # Strip any default values not explicity set before returning final state
+            state = {key: val for key, val in state.items() if key not in defaults or defaults[key] != val}
+            self._settings_restore_init_kwarg_names(self.__class__, init_kwargs, state)
+
+            return state
+        else:
+            # no one should mean to do this, but I think returning an empty dict is marginally preferable
+            # to an informative error and much better than a confusing error
+            return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _settings_restore_init_kwarg_names(
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings], init_kwargs: dict[str, Any], state: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Restore the init_kwarg key names to the final merged state dictionary.
+        """
+        if init_kwargs and state:
+            state_kwarg_names = set(state.keys())
+            init_kwarg_names = set(init_kwargs.keys())
+            for field_name, field_info in settings_cls.model_fields.items():
+                alias_names, *_ = _get_alias_names(field_name, field_info)
+                matchable_names = set(alias_names)
+                include_name = settings_cls.model_config.get('populate_by_name', False)
+                if include_name:
+                    matchable_names.add(field_name)
+                init_kwarg_name = init_kwarg_names & matchable_names
+                state_kwarg_name = state_kwarg_names & matchable_names
+                if init_kwarg_name and state_kwarg_name:
+                    state[init_kwarg_name.pop()] = state.pop(state_kwarg_name.pop())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _settings_warn_unused_config_keys(sources: tuple[object, ...], model_config: SettingsConfigDict) -> None:
+        """
+        Warns if any values in model_config were set but the corresponding settings source has not been initialised.
+
+        The list alternative sources and their config keys can be found here:
+        https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/#other-settings-source
+
+        Args:
+            sources: The tuple of configured sources
+            model_config: The model config to check for unused config keys
+        """
+
+        def warn_if_not_used(source_type: type[PydanticBaseSettingsSource], keys: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+            if not any(isinstance(source, source_type) for source in sources):
+                for key in keys:
+                    if model_config.get(key) is not None:
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f'Config key `{key}` is set in model_config but will be ignored because no '
+                            f'{source_type.__name__} source is configured. To use this config key, add a '
+                            f'{source_type.__name__} source to the settings sources via the '
+                            'settings_customise_sources hook.',
+                            UserWarning,
+                            stacklevel=3,
+                        )
+
+        warn_if_not_used(JsonConfigSettingsSource, ('json_file', 'json_file_encoding'))
+        warn_if_not_used(PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource, ('pyproject_toml_depth', 'pyproject_toml_table_header'))
+        warn_if_not_used(TomlConfigSettingsSource, ('toml_file',))
+        warn_if_not_used(YamlConfigSettingsSource, ('yaml_file', 'yaml_file_encoding', 'yaml_config_section'))
+
+    model_config: ClassVar[SettingsConfigDict] = SettingsConfigDict(
+        extra='forbid',
+        arbitrary_types_allowed=True,
+        validate_default=True,
+        case_sensitive=False,
+        env_prefix='',
+        nested_model_default_partial_update=False,
+        env_file=None,
+        env_file_encoding=None,
+        env_ignore_empty=False,
+        env_nested_delimiter=None,
+        env_nested_max_split=None,
+        env_parse_none_str=None,
+        env_parse_enums=None,
+        cli_prog_name=None,
+        cli_parse_args=None,
+        cli_parse_none_str=None,
+        cli_hide_none_type=False,
+        cli_avoid_json=False,
+        cli_enforce_required=False,
+        cli_use_class_docs_for_groups=False,
+        cli_exit_on_error=True,
+        cli_prefix='',
+        cli_flag_prefix_char='-',
+        cli_implicit_flags=False,
+        cli_ignore_unknown_args=False,
+        cli_kebab_case=False,
+        cli_shortcuts=None,
+        json_file=None,
+        json_file_encoding=None,
+        yaml_file=None,
+        yaml_file_encoding=None,
+        yaml_config_section=None,
+        toml_file=None,
+        secrets_dir=None,
+        protected_namespaces=('model_validate', 'model_dump', 'settings_customise_sources'),
+        enable_decoding=True,
+    )
+
+
+class CliApp:
+    """
+    A utility class for running Pydantic `BaseSettings`, `BaseModel`, or `pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass` as
+    CLI applications.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_base_settings_cls(model_cls: type[Any]) -> type[BaseSettings]:
+        if issubclass(model_cls, BaseSettings):
+            return model_cls
+
+        class CliAppBaseSettings(BaseSettings, model_cls):  # type: ignore
+            __doc__ = model_cls.__doc__
+            model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+                nested_model_default_partial_update=True,
+                case_sensitive=True,
+                cli_hide_none_type=True,
+                cli_avoid_json=True,
+                cli_enforce_required=True,
+                cli_implicit_flags=True,
+                cli_kebab_case=True,
+            )
+
+        return CliAppBaseSettings
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _run_cli_cmd(model: Any, cli_cmd_method_name: str, is_required: bool) -> Any:
+        command = getattr(type(model), cli_cmd_method_name, None)
+        if command is None:
+            if is_required:
+                raise SettingsError(f'Error: {type(model).__name__} class is missing {cli_cmd_method_name} entrypoint')
+            return model
+
+        # If the method is asynchronous, we handle its execution based on the current event loop status.
+        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(command):
+            # For asynchronous methods, we have two execution scenarios:
+            # 1. If no event loop is running in the current thread, run the coroutine directly with asyncio.run().
+            # 2. If an event loop is already running in the current thread, run the coroutine in a separate thread to avoid conflicts.
+            try:
+                # Check if an event loop is currently running in this thread.
+                loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            except RuntimeError:
+                loop = None
+
+            if loop and loop.is_running():
+                # We're in a context with an active event loop (e.g., Jupyter Notebook).
+                # Running asyncio.run() here would cause conflicts, so we use a separate thread.
+                exception_container = []
+
+                def run_coro() -> None:
+                    try:
+                        # Execute the coroutine in a new event loop in this separate thread.
+                        asyncio.run(command(model))
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        exception_container.append(e)
+
+                thread = threading.Thread(target=run_coro)
+                thread.start()
+                thread.join()
+                if exception_container:
+                    # Propagate exceptions from the separate thread.
+                    raise exception_container[0]
+            else:
+                # No event loop is running; safe to run the coroutine directly.
+                asyncio.run(command(model))
+        else:
+            # For synchronous methods, call them directly.
+            command(model)
+
+        return model
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def run(
+        model_cls: type[T],
+        cli_args: list[str] | Namespace | SimpleNamespace | dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        cli_settings_source: CliSettingsSource[Any] | None = None,
+        cli_exit_on_error: bool | None = None,
+        cli_cmd_method_name: str = 'cli_cmd',
+        **model_init_data: Any,
+    ) -> T:
+        """
+        Runs a Pydantic `BaseSettings`, `BaseModel`, or `pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass` as a CLI application.
+        Running a model as a CLI application requires the `cli_cmd` method to be defined in the model class.
+
+        Args:
+            model_cls: The model class to run as a CLI application.
+            cli_args: The list of CLI arguments to parse. If `cli_settings_source` is specified, this may
+                also be a namespace or dictionary of pre-parsed CLI arguments. Defaults to `sys.argv[1:]`.
+            cli_settings_source: Override the default CLI settings source with a user defined instance.
+                Defaults to `None`.
+            cli_exit_on_error: Determines whether this function exits on error. If model is subclass of
+                `BaseSettings`, defaults to BaseSettings `cli_exit_on_error` value. Otherwise, defaults to
+                `True`.
+            cli_cmd_method_name: The CLI command method name to run. Defaults to "cli_cmd".
+            model_init_data: The model init data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The ran instance of model.
+
+        Raises:
+            SettingsError: If model_cls is not subclass of `BaseModel` or `pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass`.
+            SettingsError: If model_cls does not have a `cli_cmd` entrypoint defined.
+        """
+
+        if not (is_pydantic_dataclass(model_cls) or is_model_class(model_cls)):
+            raise SettingsError(
+                f'Error: {model_cls.__name__} is not subclass of BaseModel or pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass'
+            )
+
+        cli_settings = None
+        cli_parse_args = True if cli_args is None else cli_args
+        if cli_settings_source is not None:
+            if isinstance(cli_parse_args, (Namespace, SimpleNamespace, dict)):
+                cli_settings = cli_settings_source(parsed_args=cli_parse_args)
+            else:
+                cli_settings = cli_settings_source(args=cli_parse_args)
+        elif isinstance(cli_parse_args, (Namespace, SimpleNamespace, dict)):
+            raise SettingsError('Error: `cli_args` must be list[str] or None when `cli_settings_source` is not used')
+
+        model_init_data['_cli_parse_args'] = cli_parse_args
+        model_init_data['_cli_exit_on_error'] = cli_exit_on_error
+        model_init_data['_cli_settings_source'] = cli_settings
+        if not issubclass(model_cls, BaseSettings):
+            base_settings_cls = CliApp._get_base_settings_cls(model_cls)
+            model = base_settings_cls(**model_init_data)
+            model_init_data = {}
+            for field_name, field_info in base_settings_cls.model_fields.items():
+                model_init_data[_field_name_for_signature(field_name, field_info)] = getattr(model, field_name)
+
+        return CliApp._run_cli_cmd(model_cls(**model_init_data), cli_cmd_method_name, is_required=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def run_subcommand(
+        model: PydanticModel, cli_exit_on_error: bool | None = None, cli_cmd_method_name: str = 'cli_cmd'
+    ) -> PydanticModel:
+        """
+        Runs the model subcommand. Running a model subcommand requires the `cli_cmd` method to be defined in
+        the nested model subcommand class.
+
+        Args:
+            model: The model to run the subcommand from.
+            cli_exit_on_error: Determines whether this function exits with error if no subcommand is found.
+                Defaults to model_config `cli_exit_on_error` value if set. Otherwise, defaults to `True`.
+            cli_cmd_method_name: The CLI command method name to run. Defaults to "cli_cmd".
+
+        Returns:
+            The ran subcommand model.
+
+        Raises:
+            SystemExit: When no subcommand is found and cli_exit_on_error=`True` (the default).
+            SettingsError: When no subcommand is found and cli_exit_on_error=`False`.
+        """
+
+        subcommand = get_subcommand(model, is_required=True, cli_exit_on_error=cli_exit_on_error)
+        return CliApp._run_cli_cmd(subcommand, cli_cmd_method_name, is_required=True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def serialize(model: PydanticModel) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Serializes the CLI arguments for a Pydantic data model.
+
+        Args:
+            model: The data model to serialize.
+
+        Returns:
+            The serialized CLI arguments for the data model.
+        """
+
+        base_settings_cls = CliApp._get_base_settings_cls(type(model))
+        return CliSettingsSource[Any](base_settings_cls)._serialized_args(model)

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Package for handling configuration sources in pydantic-settings."""
+
+from .base import (
+    ConfigFileSourceMixin,
+    DefaultSettingsSource,
+    InitSettingsSource,
+    PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource,
+    PydanticBaseSettingsSource,
+    get_subcommand,
+)
+from .providers.aws import AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource
+from .providers.azure import AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource
+from .providers.cli import (
+    CLI_SUPPRESS,
+    CliExplicitFlag,
+    CliImplicitFlag,
+    CliMutuallyExclusiveGroup,
+    CliPositionalArg,
+    CliSettingsSource,
+    CliSubCommand,
+    CliSuppress,
+    CliUnknownArgs,
+)
+from .providers.dotenv import DotEnvSettingsSource, read_env_file
+from .providers.env import EnvSettingsSource
+from .providers.gcp import GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource
+from .providers.json import JsonConfigSettingsSource
+from .providers.nested_secrets import NestedSecretsSettingsSource
+from .providers.pyproject import PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource
+from .providers.secrets import SecretsSettingsSource
+from .providers.toml import TomlConfigSettingsSource
+from .providers.yaml import YamlConfigSettingsSource
+from .types import DEFAULT_PATH, ENV_FILE_SENTINEL, DotenvType, ForceDecode, NoDecode, PathType, PydanticModel
+
+__all__ = [
+    'CLI_SUPPRESS',
+    'ENV_FILE_SENTINEL',
+    'DEFAULT_PATH',
+    'AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource',
+    'AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource',
+    'CliExplicitFlag',
+    'CliImplicitFlag',
+    'CliMutuallyExclusiveGroup',
+    'CliPositionalArg',
+    'CliSettingsSource',
+    'CliSubCommand',
+    'CliSuppress',
+    'CliUnknownArgs',
+    'DefaultSettingsSource',
+    'DotEnvSettingsSource',
+    'DotenvType',
+    'EnvSettingsSource',
+    'ForceDecode',
+    'GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource',
+    'InitSettingsSource',
+    'JsonConfigSettingsSource',
+    'NestedSecretsSettingsSource',
+    'NoDecode',
+    'PathType',
+    'PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource',
+    'PydanticBaseSettingsSource',
+    'ConfigFileSourceMixin',
+    'PydanticModel',
+    'PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'SecretsSettingsSource',
+    'TomlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'YamlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'get_subcommand',
+    'read_env_file',
+]

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+"""Base classes and core functionality for pydantic-settings sources."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast, get_args
+
+from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath, BaseModel, TypeAdapter
+from pydantic._internal._typing_extra import (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    get_origin,
+)
+from pydantic._internal._utils import is_model_class
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from ..exceptions import SettingsError
+from ..utils import _lenient_issubclass
+from .types import EnvNoneType, ForceDecode, NoDecode, PathType, PydanticModel, _CliSubCommand
+from .utils import (
+    _annotation_is_complex,
+    _get_alias_names,
+    _get_model_fields,
+    _strip_annotated,
+    _union_is_complex,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+def get_subcommand(
+    model: PydanticModel, is_required: bool = True, cli_exit_on_error: bool | None = None
+) -> PydanticModel | None:
+    """
+    Get the subcommand from a model.
+
+    Args:
+        model: The model to get the subcommand from.
+        is_required: Determines whether a model must have subcommand set and raises error if not
+            found. Defaults to `True`.
+        cli_exit_on_error: Determines whether this function exits with error if no subcommand is found.
+            Defaults to model_config `cli_exit_on_error` value if set. Otherwise, defaults to `True`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The subcommand model if found, otherwise `None`.
+
+    Raises:
+        SystemExit: When no subcommand is found and is_required=`True` and cli_exit_on_error=`True`
+            (the default).
+        SettingsError: When no subcommand is found and is_required=`True` and
+            cli_exit_on_error=`False`.
+    """
+
+    model_cls = type(model)
+    if cli_exit_on_error is None and is_model_class(model_cls):
+        model_default = model_cls.model_config.get('cli_exit_on_error')
+        if isinstance(model_default, bool):
+            cli_exit_on_error = model_default
+    if cli_exit_on_error is None:
+        cli_exit_on_error = True
+
+    subcommands: list[str] = []
+    for field_name, field_info in _get_model_fields(model_cls).items():
+        if _CliSubCommand in field_info.metadata:
+            if getattr(model, field_name) is not None:
+                return getattr(model, field_name)
+            subcommands.append(field_name)
+
+    if is_required:
+        error_message = (
+            f'Error: CLI subcommand is required {{{", ".join(subcommands)}}}'
+            if subcommands
+            else 'Error: CLI subcommand is required but no subcommands were found.'
+        )
+        raise SystemExit(error_message) if cli_exit_on_error else SettingsError(error_message)
+
+    return None
+
+
+class PydanticBaseSettingsSource(ABC):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for settings sources, every settings source classes should inherit from it.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, settings_cls: type[BaseSettings]):
+        self.settings_cls = settings_cls
+        self.config = settings_cls.model_config
+        self._current_state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._settings_sources_data: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+
+    def _set_current_state(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """
+        Record the state of settings from the previous settings sources. This should
+        be called right before __call__.
+        """
+        self._current_state = state
+
+    def _set_settings_sources_data(self, states: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
+        """
+        Record the state of settings from all previous settings sources. This should
+        be called right before __call__.
+        """
+        self._settings_sources_data = states
+
+    @property
+    def current_state(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        The current state of the settings, populated by the previous settings sources.
+        """
+        return self._current_state
+
+    @property
+    def settings_sources_data(self) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        The state of all previous settings sources.
+        """
+        return self._settings_sources_data
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_field_value(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> tuple[Any, str, bool]:
+        """
+        Gets the value, the key for model creation, and a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+
+        This is an abstract method that should be overridden in every settings source classes.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            field_name: The field name.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple that contains the value, key and a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def field_is_complex(self, field: FieldInfo) -> bool:
+        """
+        Checks whether a field is complex, in which case it will attempt to be parsed as JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+
+        Returns:
+            Whether the field is complex.
+        """
+        return _annotation_is_complex(field.annotation, field.metadata)
+
+    def prepare_field_value(self, field_name: str, field: FieldInfo, value: Any, value_is_complex: bool) -> Any:
+        """
+        Prepares the value of a field.
+
+        Args:
+            field_name: The field name.
+            field: The field.
+            value: The value of the field that has to be prepared.
+            value_is_complex: A flag to determine whether value is complex.
+
+        Returns:
+            The prepared value.
+        """
+        if value is not None and (self.field_is_complex(field) or value_is_complex):
+            return self.decode_complex_value(field_name, field, value)
+        return value
+
+    def decode_complex_value(self, field_name: str, field: FieldInfo, value: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Decode the value for a complex field
+
+        Args:
+            field_name: The field name.
+            field: The field.
+            value: The value of the field that has to be prepared.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded value for further preparation
+        """
+        if field and (
+            NoDecode in field.metadata
+            or (self.config.get('enable_decoding') is False and ForceDecode not in field.metadata)
+        ):
+            return value
+
+        return json.loads(value)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        pass
+
+
+class ConfigFileSourceMixin(ABC):
+    def _read_files(self, files: PathType | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if files is None:
+            return {}
+        if isinstance(files, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            files = [files]
+        vars: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for file in files:
+            file_path = Path(file).expanduser()
+            if file_path.is_file():
+                vars.update(self._read_file(file_path))
+        return vars
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _read_file(self, path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        pass
+
+
+class DefaultSettingsSource(PydanticBaseSettingsSource):
+    """
+    Source class for loading default object values.
+
+    Args:
+        settings_cls: The Settings class.
+        nested_model_default_partial_update: Whether to allow partial updates on nested model default object fields.
+            Defaults to `False`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, settings_cls: type[BaseSettings], nested_model_default_partial_update: bool | None = None):
+        super().__init__(settings_cls)
+        self.defaults: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.nested_model_default_partial_update = (
+            nested_model_default_partial_update
+            if nested_model_default_partial_update is not None
+            else self.config.get('nested_model_default_partial_update', False)
+        )
+        if self.nested_model_default_partial_update:
+            for field_name, field_info in settings_cls.model_fields.items():
+                alias_names, *_ = _get_alias_names(field_name, field_info)
+                preferred_alias = alias_names[0]
+                if is_dataclass(type(field_info.default)):
+                    self.defaults[preferred_alias] = asdict(field_info.default)
+                elif is_model_class(type(field_info.default)):
+                    self.defaults[preferred_alias] = field_info.default.model_dump()
+
+    def get_field_value(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> tuple[Any, str, bool]:
+        # Nothing to do here. Only implement the return statement to make mypy happy
+        return None, '', False
+
+    def __call__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return self.defaults
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f'{self.__class__.__name__}(nested_model_default_partial_update={self.nested_model_default_partial_update})'
+        )
+
+
+class InitSettingsSource(PydanticBaseSettingsSource):
+    """
+    Source class for loading values provided during settings class initialization.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        init_kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        nested_model_default_partial_update: bool | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.init_kwargs = {}
+        init_kwarg_names = set(init_kwargs.keys())
+        for field_name, field_info in settings_cls.model_fields.items():
+            alias_names, *_ = _get_alias_names(field_name, field_info)
+            # When populate_by_name is True, allow using the field name as an input key,
+            # but normalize to the preferred alias to keep keys consistent across sources.
+            matchable_names = set(alias_names)
+            include_name = settings_cls.model_config.get('populate_by_name', False)
+            if include_name:
+                matchable_names.add(field_name)
+            init_kwarg_name = init_kwarg_names & matchable_names
+            if init_kwarg_name:
+                preferred_alias = alias_names[0] if alias_names else field_name
+                # Choose provided key deterministically: prefer the first alias in alias_names order;
+                # fall back to field_name if allowed and provided.
+                provided_key = next((alias for alias in alias_names if alias in init_kwarg_names), None)
+                if provided_key is None and include_name and field_name in init_kwarg_names:
+                    provided_key = field_name
+                # provided_key should not be None here because init_kwarg_name is non-empty
+                assert provided_key is not None
+                init_kwarg_names -= init_kwarg_name
+                self.init_kwargs[preferred_alias] = init_kwargs[provided_key]
+        # Include any remaining init kwargs (e.g., extras) unchanged
+        # Note: If populate_by_name is True and the provided key is the field name, but
+        # no alias exists, we keep it as-is so it can be processed as extra if allowed.
+        self.init_kwargs.update({key: val for key, val in init_kwargs.items() if key in init_kwarg_names})
+
+        super().__init__(settings_cls)
+        self.nested_model_default_partial_update = (
+            nested_model_default_partial_update
+            if nested_model_default_partial_update is not None
+            else self.config.get('nested_model_default_partial_update', False)
+        )
+
+    def get_field_value(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> tuple[Any, str, bool]:
+        # Nothing to do here. Only implement the return statement to make mypy happy
+        return None, '', False
+
+    def __call__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return (
+            TypeAdapter(dict[str, Any]).dump_python(self.init_kwargs)
+            if self.nested_model_default_partial_update
+            else self.init_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(init_kwargs={self.init_kwargs!r})'
+
+
+class PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource(PydanticBaseSettingsSource):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_ignore_empty: bool | None = None,
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(settings_cls)
+        self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive if case_sensitive is not None else self.config.get('case_sensitive', False)
+        self.env_prefix = env_prefix if env_prefix is not None else self.config.get('env_prefix', '')
+        self.env_ignore_empty = (
+            env_ignore_empty if env_ignore_empty is not None else self.config.get('env_ignore_empty', False)
+        )
+        self.env_parse_none_str = (
+            env_parse_none_str if env_parse_none_str is not None else self.config.get('env_parse_none_str')
+        )
+        self.env_parse_enums = env_parse_enums if env_parse_enums is not None else self.config.get('env_parse_enums')
+
+    def _apply_case_sensitive(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value.lower() if not self.case_sensitive else value
+
+    def _extract_field_info(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> list[tuple[str, str, bool]]:
+        """
+        Extracts field info. This info is used to get the value of field from environment variables.
+
+        It returns a list of tuples, each tuple contains:
+            * field_key: The key of field that has to be used in model creation.
+            * env_name: The environment variable name of the field.
+            * value_is_complex: A flag to determine whether the value from environment variable
+              is complex and has to be parsed.
+
+        Args:
+            field (FieldInfo): The field.
+            field_name (str): The field name.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[tuple[str, str, bool]]: List of tuples, each tuple contains field_key, env_name, and value_is_complex.
+        """
+        field_info: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] = []
+        if isinstance(field.validation_alias, (AliasChoices, AliasPath)):
+            v_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = field.validation_alias.convert_to_aliases()
+        else:
+            v_alias = field.validation_alias
+
+        if v_alias:
+            if isinstance(v_alias, list):  # AliasChoices, AliasPath
+                for alias in v_alias:
+                    if isinstance(alias, str):  # AliasPath
+                        field_info.append((alias, self._apply_case_sensitive(alias), True if len(alias) > 1 else False))
+                    elif isinstance(alias, list):  # AliasChoices
+                        first_arg = cast(str, alias[0])  # first item of an AliasChoices must be a str
+                        field_info.append(
+                            (first_arg, self._apply_case_sensitive(first_arg), True if len(alias) > 1 else False)
+                        )
+            else:  # string validation alias
+                field_info.append((v_alias, self._apply_case_sensitive(v_alias), False))
+
+        if not v_alias or self.config.get('populate_by_name', False):
+            annotation = field.annotation
+            if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(annotation) or typing_objects.is_typealiastype(get_origin(annotation)):
+                annotation = _strip_annotated(annotation.__value__)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            if is_union_origin(get_origin(annotation)) and _union_is_complex(annotation, field.metadata):
+                field_info.append((field_name, self._apply_case_sensitive(self.env_prefix + field_name), True))
+            else:
+                field_info.append((field_name, self._apply_case_sensitive(self.env_prefix + field_name), False))
+
+        return field_info
+
+    def _replace_field_names_case_insensitively(self, field: FieldInfo, field_values: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Replace field names in values dict by looking in models fields insensitively.
+
+        By having the following models:
+
+            ```py
+            class SubSubSub(BaseModel):
+                VaL3: str
+
+            class SubSub(BaseModel):
+                Val2: str
+                SUB_sub_SuB: SubSubSub
+
+            class Sub(BaseModel):
+                VAL1: str
+                SUB_sub: SubSub
+
+            class Settings(BaseSettings):
+                nested: Sub
+
+                model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_nested_delimiter='__')
+            ```
+
+        Then:
+            _replace_field_names_case_insensitively(
+                field,
+                {"val1": "v1", "sub_SUB": {"VAL2": "v2", "sub_SUB_sUb": {"vAl3": "v3"}}}
+            )
+            Returns {'VAL1': 'v1', 'SUB_sub': {'Val2': 'v2', 'SUB_sub_SuB': {'VaL3': 'v3'}}}
+        """
+        values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        for name, value in field_values.items():
+            sub_model_field: FieldInfo | None = None
+
+            annotation = field.annotation
+
+            # If field is Optional, we need to find the actual type
+            if is_union_origin(get_origin(field.annotation)):
+                args = get_args(annotation)
+                if len(args) == 2 and type(None) in args:
+                    for arg in args:
+                        if arg is not None:
+                            annotation = arg
+                            break
+
+            # This is here to make mypy happy
+            # Item "None" of "Optional[Type[Any]]" has no attribute "model_fields"
+            if not annotation or not hasattr(annotation, 'model_fields'):
+                values[name] = value
+                continue
+            else:
+                model_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = annotation.model_fields
+
+            # Find field in sub model by looking in fields case insensitively
+            field_key: str | None = None
+            for sub_model_field_name, sub_model_field in model_fields.items():
+                aliases, _ = _get_alias_names(sub_model_field_name, sub_model_field)
+                _search = (alias for alias in aliases if alias.lower() == name.lower())
+                if field_key := next(_search, None):
+                    break
+
+            if not field_key:
+                values[name] = value
+                continue
+
+            if (
+                sub_model_field is not None
+                and _lenient_issubclass(sub_model_field.annotation, BaseModel)
+                and isinstance(value, dict)
+            ):
+                values[field_key] = self._replace_field_names_case_insensitively(sub_model_field, value)
+            else:
+                values[field_key] = value
+
+        return values
+
+    def _replace_env_none_type_values(self, field_value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Recursively parse values that are of "None" type(EnvNoneType) to `None` type(None).
+        """
+        values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        for key, value in field_value.items():
+            if not isinstance(value, EnvNoneType):
+                values[key] = value if not isinstance(value, dict) else self._replace_env_none_type_values(value)
+            else:
+                values[key] = None
+
+        return values
+
+    def _get_resolved_field_value(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> tuple[Any, str, bool]:
+        """
+        Gets the value, the preferred alias key for model creation, and a flag to determine whether value
+        is complex.
+
+        Note:
+            In V3, this method should either be made public, or, this method should be removed and the
+            abstract method get_field_value should be updated to include a "use_preferred_alias" flag.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            field_name: The field name.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple that contains the value, preferred key and a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+        """
+        field_value, field_key, value_is_complex = self.get_field_value(field, field_name)
+        if not (value_is_complex or (self.config.get('populate_by_name', False) and (field_key == field_name))):
+            field_infos = self._extract_field_info(field, field_name)
+            preferred_key, *_ = field_infos[0]
+            return field_value, preferred_key, value_is_complex
+        return field_value, field_key, value_is_complex
+
+    def __call__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        data: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        for field_name, field in self.settings_cls.model_fields.items():
+            try:
+                field_value, field_key, value_is_complex = self._get_resolved_field_value(field, field_name)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise SettingsError(
+                    f'error getting value for field "{field_name}" from source "{self.__class__.__name__}"'
+                ) from e
+
+            try:
+                field_value = self.prepare_field_value(field_name, field, field_value, value_is_complex)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise SettingsError(
+                    f'error parsing value for field "{field_name}" from source "{self.__class__.__name__}"'
+                ) from e
+
+            if field_value is not None:
+                if self.env_parse_none_str is not None:
+                    if isinstance(field_value, dict):
+                        field_value = self._replace_env_none_type_values(field_value)
+                    elif isinstance(field_value, EnvNoneType):
+                        field_value = None
+                if (
+                    not self.case_sensitive
+                    # and _lenient_issubclass(field.annotation, BaseModel)
+                    and isinstance(field_value, dict)
+                ):
+                    data[field_key] = self._replace_field_names_case_insensitively(field, field_value)
+                else:
+                    data[field_key] = field_value
+
+        return data
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'ConfigFileSourceMixin',
+    'DefaultSettingsSource',
+    'InitSettingsSource',
+    'PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource',
+    'PydanticBaseSettingsSource',
+    'SettingsError',
+]

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Package containing individual source implementations."""
+
+from .aws import AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource
+from .azure import AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource
+from .cli import (
+    CliExplicitFlag,
+    CliImplicitFlag,
+    CliMutuallyExclusiveGroup,
+    CliPositionalArg,
+    CliSettingsSource,
+    CliSubCommand,
+    CliSuppress,
+)
+from .dotenv import DotEnvSettingsSource
+from .env import EnvSettingsSource
+from .gcp import GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource
+from .json import JsonConfigSettingsSource
+from .pyproject import PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource
+from .secrets import SecretsSettingsSource
+from .toml import TomlConfigSettingsSource
+from .yaml import YamlConfigSettingsSource
+
+__all__ = [
+    'AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource',
+    'AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource',
+    'CliExplicitFlag',
+    'CliImplicitFlag',
+    'CliMutuallyExclusiveGroup',
+    'CliPositionalArg',
+    'CliSettingsSource',
+    'CliSubCommand',
+    'CliSuppress',
+    'DotEnvSettingsSource',
+    'EnvSettingsSource',
+    'GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource',
+    'JsonConfigSettingsSource',
+    'PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'SecretsSettingsSource',
+    'TomlConfigSettingsSource',
+    'YamlConfigSettingsSource',
+]

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/aws.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations  # important for BaseSettings import to work
+
+import json
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from ..utils import parse_env_vars
+from .env import EnvSettingsSource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+boto3_client = None
+SecretsManagerClient = None
+
+
+def import_aws_secrets_manager() -> None:
+    global boto3_client
+    global SecretsManagerClient
+
+    try:
+        from boto3 import client as boto3_client
+        from mypy_boto3_secretsmanager.client import SecretsManagerClient
+    except ImportError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise ImportError(
+            'AWS Secrets Manager dependencies are not installed, run `pip install pydantic-settings[aws-secrets-manager]`'
+        ) from e
+
+
+class AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource(EnvSettingsSource):
+    _secret_id: str
+    _secretsmanager_client: SecretsManagerClient  # type: ignore
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        secret_id: str,
+        region_name: str | None = None,
+        endpoint_url: str | None = None,
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = True,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_nested_delimiter: str | None = '--',
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import_aws_secrets_manager()
+        self._secretsmanager_client = boto3_client('secretsmanager', region_name=region_name, endpoint_url=endpoint_url)  # type: ignore
+        self._secret_id = secret_id
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls,
+            case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix=env_prefix,
+            env_nested_delimiter=env_nested_delimiter,
+            env_ignore_empty=False,
+            env_parse_none_str=env_parse_none_str,
+            env_parse_enums=env_parse_enums,
+        )
+
+    def _load_env_vars(self) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        response = self._secretsmanager_client.get_secret_value(SecretId=self._secret_id)  # type: ignore
+
+        return parse_env_vars(
+            json.loads(response['SecretString']),
+            self.case_sensitive,
+            self.env_ignore_empty,
+            self.env_parse_none_str,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f'{self.__class__.__name__}(secret_id={self._secret_id!r}, '
+            f'env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r})'
+        )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'AWSSecretsManagerSettingsSource',
+]

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/azure.py

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Azure Key Vault settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pydantic.alias_generators import to_snake
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+from .env import EnvSettingsSource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from azure.core.credentials import TokenCredential
+    from azure.core.exceptions import ResourceNotFoundError
+    from azure.keyvault.secrets import SecretClient
+
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+else:
+    TokenCredential = None
+    ResourceNotFoundError = None
+    SecretClient = None
+
+
+def import_azure_key_vault() -> None:
+    global TokenCredential
+    global SecretClient
+    global ResourceNotFoundError
+
+    try:
+        from azure.core.credentials import TokenCredential
+        from azure.core.exceptions import ResourceNotFoundError
+        from azure.keyvault.secrets import SecretClient
+    except ImportError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise ImportError(
+            'Azure Key Vault dependencies are not installed, run `pip install pydantic-settings[azure-key-vault]`'
+        ) from e
+
+
+class AzureKeyVaultMapping(Mapping[str, str | None]):
+    _loaded_secrets: dict[str, str | None]
+    _secret_client: SecretClient
+    _secret_names: list[str]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        secret_client: SecretClient,
+        case_sensitive: bool,
+        snake_case_conversion: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._loaded_secrets = {}
+        self._secret_client = secret_client
+        self._case_sensitive = case_sensitive
+        self._snake_case_conversion = snake_case_conversion
+        self._secret_map: dict[str, str] = self._load_remote()
+
+    def _load_remote(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        secret_names: Iterator[str] = (
+            secret.name for secret in self._secret_client.list_properties_of_secrets() if secret.name and secret.enabled
+        )
+
+        if self._snake_case_conversion:
+            return {to_snake(name): name for name in secret_names}
+
+        if self._case_sensitive:
+            return {name: name for name in secret_names}
+
+        return {name.lower(): name for name in secret_names}
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str | None:
+        new_key = key
+
+        if self._snake_case_conversion:
+            new_key = to_snake(key)
+        elif not self._case_sensitive:
+            new_key = key.lower()
+
+        if new_key not in self._loaded_secrets:
+            if new_key in self._secret_map:
+                self._loaded_secrets[new_key] = self._secret_client.get_secret(self._secret_map[new_key]).value
+            else:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+
+        return self._loaded_secrets[new_key]
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_map)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._secret_map.keys())
+
+
+class AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource(EnvSettingsSource):
+    _url: str
+    _credential: TokenCredential
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        url: str,
+        credential: TokenCredential,
+        dash_to_underscore: bool = False,
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        snake_case_conversion: bool = False,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import_azure_key_vault()
+        self._url = url
+        self._credential = credential
+        self._dash_to_underscore = dash_to_underscore
+        self._snake_case_conversion = snake_case_conversion
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls,
+            case_sensitive=False if snake_case_conversion else case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix=env_prefix,
+            env_nested_delimiter='__' if snake_case_conversion else '--',
+            env_ignore_empty=False,
+            env_parse_none_str=env_parse_none_str,
+            env_parse_enums=env_parse_enums,
+        )
+
+    def _load_env_vars(self) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        secret_client = SecretClient(vault_url=self._url, credential=self._credential)
+        return AzureKeyVaultMapping(
+            secret_client=secret_client,
+            case_sensitive=self.case_sensitive,
+            snake_case_conversion=self._snake_case_conversion,
+        )
+
+    def _extract_field_info(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> list[tuple[str, str, bool]]:
+        if self._snake_case_conversion:
+            return list((x[0], x[0], x[2]) for x in super()._extract_field_info(field, field_name))
+
+        if self._dash_to_underscore:
+            return list((x[0], x[1].replace('_', '-'), x[2]) for x in super()._extract_field_info(field, field_name))
+
+        return super()._extract_field_info(field, field_name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(url={self._url!r}, env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r})'
+
+
+__all__ = ['AzureKeyVaultMapping', 'AzureKeyVaultSettingsSource']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/dotenv.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""Dotenv file settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import os
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+from pydantic._internal._typing_extra import (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    get_origin,
+)
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from ..types import ENV_FILE_SENTINEL, DotenvType
+from ..utils import (
+    _annotation_is_complex,
+    _union_is_complex,
+    parse_env_vars,
+)
+from .env import EnvSettingsSource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+class DotEnvSettingsSource(EnvSettingsSource):
+    """
+    Source class for loading settings values from env files.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        env_file: DotenvType | None = ENV_FILE_SENTINEL,
+        env_file_encoding: str | None = None,
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_nested_delimiter: str | None = None,
+        env_nested_max_split: int | None = None,
+        env_ignore_empty: bool | None = None,
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.env_file = env_file if env_file != ENV_FILE_SENTINEL else settings_cls.model_config.get('env_file')
+        self.env_file_encoding = (
+            env_file_encoding if env_file_encoding is not None else settings_cls.model_config.get('env_file_encoding')
+        )
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls,
+            case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix,
+            env_nested_delimiter,
+            env_nested_max_split,
+            env_ignore_empty,
+            env_parse_none_str,
+            env_parse_enums,
+        )
+
+    def _load_env_vars(self) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        return self._read_env_files()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _static_read_env_file(
+        file_path: Path,
+        *,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        case_sensitive: bool = False,
+        ignore_empty: bool = False,
+        parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        file_vars: dict[str, str | None] = dotenv_values(file_path, encoding=encoding or 'utf8')
+        return parse_env_vars(file_vars, case_sensitive, ignore_empty, parse_none_str)
+
+    def _read_env_file(
+        self,
+        file_path: Path,
+    ) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        return self._static_read_env_file(
+            file_path,
+            encoding=self.env_file_encoding,
+            case_sensitive=self.case_sensitive,
+            ignore_empty=self.env_ignore_empty,
+            parse_none_str=self.env_parse_none_str,
+        )
+
+    def _read_env_files(self) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        env_files = self.env_file
+        if env_files is None:
+            return {}
+
+        if isinstance(env_files, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            env_files = [env_files]
+
+        dotenv_vars: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+        for env_file in env_files:
+            env_path = Path(env_file).expanduser()
+            if env_path.is_file():
+                dotenv_vars.update(self._read_env_file(env_path))
+
+        return dotenv_vars
+
+    def __call__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        data: dict[str, Any] = super().__call__()
+        is_extra_allowed = self.config.get('extra') != 'forbid'
+
+        # As `extra` config is allowed in dotenv settings source, We have to
+        # update data with extra env variables from dotenv file.
+        for env_name, env_value in self.env_vars.items():
+            if not env_value or env_name in data or (self.env_prefix and env_name in self.settings_cls.model_fields):
+                continue
+            env_used = False
+            for field_name, field in self.settings_cls.model_fields.items():
+                for _, field_env_name, _ in self._extract_field_info(field, field_name):
+                    if env_name == field_env_name or (
+                        (
+                            _annotation_is_complex(field.annotation, field.metadata)
+                            or (
+                                is_union_origin(get_origin(field.annotation))
+                                and _union_is_complex(field.annotation, field.metadata)
+                            )
+                        )
+                        and env_name.startswith(field_env_name)
+                    ):
+                        env_used = True
+                        break
+                if env_used:
+                    break
+            if not env_used:
+                if is_extra_allowed and env_name.startswith(self.env_prefix):
+                    # env_prefix should be respected and removed from the env_name
+                    normalized_env_name = env_name[len(self.env_prefix) :]
+                    data[normalized_env_name] = env_value
+                else:
+                    data[env_name] = env_value
+        return data
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f'{self.__class__.__name__}(env_file={self.env_file!r}, env_file_encoding={self.env_file_encoding!r}, '
+            f'env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r}, env_prefix_len={self.env_prefix_len!r})'
+        )
+
+
+def read_env_file(
+    file_path: Path,
+    *,
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    ignore_empty: bool = False,
+    parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+    warnings.warn(
+        'read_env_file will be removed in the next version, use DotEnvSettingsSource._static_read_env_file if you must',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return DotEnvSettingsSource._static_read_env_file(
+        file_path,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+        ignore_empty=ignore_empty,
+        parse_none_str=parse_none_str,
+    )
+
+
+__all__ = ['DotEnvSettingsSource', 'read_env_file']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/env.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import os
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from pydantic import Json, TypeAdapter, ValidationError
+from pydantic._internal._utils import deep_update, is_model_class
+from pydantic.dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from ...utils import _lenient_issubclass
+from ..base import PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource
+from ..types import EnvNoneType
+from ..utils import (
+    _annotation_contains_types,
+    _annotation_enum_name_to_val,
+    _get_model_fields,
+    _union_is_complex,
+    parse_env_vars,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+class EnvSettingsSource(PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource):
+    """
+    Source class for loading settings values from environment variables.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_nested_delimiter: str | None = None,
+        env_nested_max_split: int | None = None,
+        env_ignore_empty: bool | None = None,
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls, case_sensitive, env_prefix, env_ignore_empty, env_parse_none_str, env_parse_enums
+        )
+        self.env_nested_delimiter = (
+            env_nested_delimiter if env_nested_delimiter is not None else self.config.get('env_nested_delimiter')
+        )
+        self.env_nested_max_split = (
+            env_nested_max_split if env_nested_max_split is not None else self.config.get('env_nested_max_split')
+        )
+        self.maxsplit = (self.env_nested_max_split or 0) - 1
+        self.env_prefix_len = len(self.env_prefix)
+
+        self.env_vars = self._load_env_vars()
+
+    def _load_env_vars(self) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        return parse_env_vars(os.environ, self.case_sensitive, self.env_ignore_empty, self.env_parse_none_str)
+
+    def get_field_value(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> tuple[Any, str, bool]:
+        """
+        Gets the value for field from environment variables and a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            field_name: The field name.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple that contains the value (`None` if not found), key, and
+                a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+        """
+
+        env_val: str | None = None
+        for field_key, env_name, value_is_complex in self._extract_field_info(field, field_name):
+            env_val = self.env_vars.get(env_name)
+            if env_val is not None:
+                break
+
+        return env_val, field_key, value_is_complex
+
+    def prepare_field_value(self, field_name: str, field: FieldInfo, value: Any, value_is_complex: bool) -> Any:
+        """
+        Prepare value for the field.
+
+        * Extract value for nested field.
+        * Deserialize value to python object for complex field.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            field_name: The field name.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple contains prepared value for the field.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValuesError: When There is an error in deserializing value for complex field.
+        """
+        is_complex, allow_parse_failure = self._field_is_complex(field)
+        if self.env_parse_enums:
+            enum_val = _annotation_enum_name_to_val(field.annotation, value)
+            value = value if enum_val is None else enum_val
+
+        if is_complex or value_is_complex:
+            if isinstance(value, EnvNoneType):
+                return value
+            elif value is None:
+                # field is complex but no value found so far, try explode_env_vars
+                env_val_built = self.explode_env_vars(field_name, field, self.env_vars)
+                if env_val_built:
+                    return env_val_built
+            else:
+                # field is complex and there's a value, decode that as JSON, then add explode_env_vars
+                try:
+                    value = self.decode_complex_value(field_name, field, value)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    if not allow_parse_failure:
+                        raise e
+
+                if isinstance(value, dict):
+                    return deep_update(value, self.explode_env_vars(field_name, field, self.env_vars))
+                else:
+                    return value
+        elif value is not None:
+            # simplest case, field is not complex, we only need to add the value if it was found
+            return self._coerce_env_val_strict(field, value)
+
+    def _field_is_complex(self, field: FieldInfo) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
+        """
+        Find out if a field is complex, and if so whether JSON errors should be ignored
+        """
+        if self.field_is_complex(field):
+            allow_parse_failure = False
+        elif is_union_origin(get_origin(field.annotation)) and _union_is_complex(field.annotation, field.metadata):
+            allow_parse_failure = True
+        else:
+            return False, False
+
+        return True, allow_parse_failure
+
+    # Default value of `case_sensitive` is `None`, because we don't want to break existing behavior.
+    # We have to change the method to a non-static method and use
+    # `self.case_sensitive` instead in V3.
+    def next_field(
+        self, field: FieldInfo | Any | None, key: str, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+    ) -> FieldInfo | None:
+        """
+        Find the field in a sub model by key(env name)
+
+        By having the following models:
+
+            ```py
+            class SubSubModel(BaseSettings):
+                dvals: Dict
+
+            class SubModel(BaseSettings):
+                vals: list[str]
+                sub_sub_model: SubSubModel
+
+            class Cfg(BaseSettings):
+                sub_model: SubModel
+            ```
+
+        Then:
+            next_field(sub_model, 'vals') Returns the `vals` field of `SubModel` class
+            next_field(sub_model, 'sub_sub_model') Returns `sub_sub_model` field of `SubModel` class
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            key: The key (env name).
+            case_sensitive: Whether to search for key case sensitively.
+
+        Returns:
+            Field if it finds the next field otherwise `None`.
+        """
+        if not field:
+            return None
+
+        annotation = field.annotation if isinstance(field, FieldInfo) else field
+        for type_ in get_args(annotation):
+            type_has_key = self.next_field(type_, key, case_sensitive)
+            if type_has_key:
+                return type_has_key
+        if is_model_class(annotation) or is_pydantic_dataclass(annotation):  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            fields = _get_model_fields(annotation)
+            # `case_sensitive is None` is here to be compatible with the old behavior.
+            # Has to be removed in V3.
+            for field_name, f in fields.items():
+                for _, env_name, _ in self._extract_field_info(f, field_name):
+                    if case_sensitive is None or case_sensitive:
+                        if field_name == key or env_name == key:
+                            return f
+                    elif field_name.lower() == key.lower() or env_name.lower() == key.lower():
+                        return f
+        return None
+
+    def explode_env_vars(self, field_name: str, field: FieldInfo, env_vars: Mapping[str, str | None]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Process env_vars and extract the values of keys containing env_nested_delimiter into nested dictionaries.
+
+        This is applied to a single field, hence filtering by env_var prefix.
+
+        Args:
+            field_name: The field name.
+            field: The field.
+            env_vars: Environment variables.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary contains extracted values from nested env values.
+        """
+        if not self.env_nested_delimiter:
+            return {}
+
+        ann = field.annotation
+        is_dict = ann is dict or _lenient_issubclass(get_origin(ann), dict)
+
+        prefixes = [
+            f'{env_name}{self.env_nested_delimiter}' for _, env_name, _ in self._extract_field_info(field, field_name)
+        ]
+        result: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for env_name, env_val in env_vars.items():
+            try:
+                prefix = next(prefix for prefix in prefixes if env_name.startswith(prefix))
+            except StopIteration:
+                continue
+            # we remove the prefix before splitting in case the prefix has characters in common with the delimiter
+            env_name_without_prefix = env_name[len(prefix) :]
+            *keys, last_key = env_name_without_prefix.split(self.env_nested_delimiter, self.maxsplit)
+            env_var = result
+            target_field: FieldInfo | None = field
+            for key in keys:
+                target_field = self.next_field(target_field, key, self.case_sensitive)
+                if isinstance(env_var, dict):
+                    env_var = env_var.setdefault(key, {})
+
+            # get proper field with last_key
+            target_field = self.next_field(target_field, last_key, self.case_sensitive)
+
+            # check if env_val maps to a complex field and if so, parse the env_val
+            if (target_field or is_dict) and env_val:
+                if target_field:
+                    is_complex, allow_json_failure = self._field_is_complex(target_field)
+                    if self.env_parse_enums:
+                        enum_val = _annotation_enum_name_to_val(target_field.annotation, env_val)
+                        env_val = env_val if enum_val is None else enum_val
+                else:
+                    # nested field type is dict
+                    is_complex, allow_json_failure = True, True
+                if is_complex:
+                    try:
+                        env_val = self.decode_complex_value(last_key, target_field, env_val)  # type: ignore
+                    except ValueError as e:
+                        if not allow_json_failure:
+                            raise e
+            if isinstance(env_var, dict):
+                if last_key not in env_var or not isinstance(env_val, EnvNoneType) or env_var[last_key] == {}:
+                    env_var[last_key] = self._coerce_env_val_strict(target_field, env_val)
+        return result
+
+    def _coerce_env_val_strict(self, field: FieldInfo | None, value: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Coerce environment string values based on field annotation if model config is `strict=True`.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            value: The value to coerce.
+
+        Returns:
+            The coerced value if successful, otherwise the original value.
+        """
+        try:
+            if self.config.get('strict') and isinstance(value, str) and field is not None:
+                if value == self.env_parse_none_str:
+                    return value
+                if not _annotation_contains_types(field.annotation, (Json,), is_instance=True):
+                    return TypeAdapter(field.annotation).validate_python(value)
+        except ValidationError:
+            # Allow validation error to be raised at time of instatiation
+            pass
+        return value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f'{self.__class__.__name__}(env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r}, '
+            f'env_prefix_len={self.env_prefix_len!r})'
+        )
+
+
+__all__ = ['EnvSettingsSource']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/gcp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .env import EnvSettingsSource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from google.auth import default as google_auth_default
+    from google.auth.credentials import Credentials
+    from google.cloud.secretmanager import SecretManagerServiceClient
+
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+else:
+    Credentials = None
+    SecretManagerServiceClient = None
+    google_auth_default = None
+
+
+def import_gcp_secret_manager() -> None:
+    global Credentials
+    global SecretManagerServiceClient
+    global google_auth_default
+
+    try:
+        from google.auth import default as google_auth_default
+        from google.auth.credentials import Credentials
+        from google.cloud.secretmanager import SecretManagerServiceClient
+    except ImportError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise ImportError(
+            'GCP Secret Manager dependencies are not installed, run `pip install pydantic-settings[gcp-secret-manager]`'
+        ) from e
+
+
+class GoogleSecretManagerMapping(Mapping[str, str | None]):
+    _loaded_secrets: dict[str, str | None]
+    _secret_client: SecretManagerServiceClient
+
+    def __init__(self, secret_client: SecretManagerServiceClient, project_id: str, case_sensitive: bool) -> None:
+        self._loaded_secrets = {}
+        self._secret_client = secret_client
+        self._project_id = project_id
+        self._case_sensitive = case_sensitive
+
+    @property
+    def _gcp_project_path(self) -> str:
+        return self._secret_client.common_project_path(self._project_id)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _secret_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        rv: list[str] = []
+
+        secrets = self._secret_client.list_secrets(parent=self._gcp_project_path)
+        for secret in secrets:
+            name = self._secret_client.parse_secret_path(secret.name).get('secret', '')
+            if not self._case_sensitive:
+                name = name.lower()
+            rv.append(name)
+        return rv
+
+    def _secret_version_path(self, key: str, version: str = 'latest') -> str:
+        return self._secret_client.secret_version_path(self._project_id, key, version)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str | None:
+        if not self._case_sensitive:
+            key = key.lower()
+        if key not in self._loaded_secrets:
+            # If we know the key isn't available in secret manager, raise a key error
+            if key not in self._secret_names:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+
+            try:
+                self._loaded_secrets[key] = self._secret_client.access_secret_version(
+                    name=self._secret_version_path(key)
+                ).payload.data.decode('UTF-8')
+            except Exception:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+
+        return self._loaded_secrets[key]
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_names)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._secret_names)
+
+
+class GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource(EnvSettingsSource):
+    _credentials: Credentials
+    _secret_client: SecretManagerServiceClient
+    _project_id: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        credentials: Credentials | None = None,
+        project_id: str | None = None,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+        secret_client: SecretManagerServiceClient | None = None,
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Import Google Packages if they haven't already been imported
+        if SecretManagerServiceClient is None or Credentials is None or google_auth_default is None:
+            import_gcp_secret_manager()
+
+        # If credentials or project_id are not passed, then
+        # try to get them from the default function
+        if not credentials or not project_id:
+            _creds, _project_id = google_auth_default()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+
+        # Set the credentials and/or project id if they weren't specified
+        if credentials is None:
+            credentials = _creds
+
+        if project_id is None:
+            if isinstance(_project_id, str):
+                project_id = _project_id
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    'project_id is required to be specified either as an argument or from the google.auth.default. See https://google-auth.readthedocs.io/en/master/reference/google.auth.html#google.auth.default'
+                )
+
+        self._credentials: Credentials = credentials
+        self._project_id: str = project_id
+
+        if secret_client:
+            self._secret_client = secret_client
+        else:
+            self._secret_client = SecretManagerServiceClient(credentials=self._credentials)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls,
+            case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix=env_prefix,
+            env_ignore_empty=False,
+            env_parse_none_str=env_parse_none_str,
+            env_parse_enums=env_parse_enums,
+        )
+
+    def _load_env_vars(self) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        return GoogleSecretManagerMapping(
+            self._secret_client, project_id=self._project_id, case_sensitive=self.case_sensitive
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(project_id={self._project_id!r}, env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r})'
+
+
+__all__ = ['GoogleSecretManagerSettingsSource', 'GoogleSecretManagerMapping']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/json.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""JSON file settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+)
+
+from ..base import ConfigFileSourceMixin, InitSettingsSource
+from ..types import DEFAULT_PATH, PathType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+class JsonConfigSettingsSource(InitSettingsSource, ConfigFileSourceMixin):
+    """
+    A source class that loads variables from a JSON file
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        json_file: PathType | None = DEFAULT_PATH,
+        json_file_encoding: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.json_file_path = json_file if json_file != DEFAULT_PATH else settings_cls.model_config.get('json_file')
+        self.json_file_encoding = (
+            json_file_encoding
+            if json_file_encoding is not None
+            else settings_cls.model_config.get('json_file_encoding')
+        )
+        self.json_data = self._read_files(self.json_file_path)
+        super().__init__(settings_cls, self.json_data)
+
+    def _read_file(self, file_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        with open(file_path, encoding=self.json_file_encoding) as json_file:
+            return json.load(json_file)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(json_file={self.json_file_path})'
+
+
+__all__ = ['JsonConfigSettingsSource']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/nested_secrets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import os
+import warnings
+from functools import reduce
+from glob import iglob
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Optional
+
+from ...exceptions import SettingsError
+from ...utils import path_type_label
+from ..base import PydanticBaseSettingsSource
+from ..utils import parse_env_vars
+from .env import EnvSettingsSource
+from .secrets import SecretsSettingsSource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ...main import BaseSettings
+    from ...sources import PathType
+
+
+SECRETS_DIR_MAX_SIZE = 16 * 2**20  # 16 MiB seems to be a reasonable default
+
+
+class NestedSecretsSettingsSource(EnvSettingsSource):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_secret_settings: PydanticBaseSettingsSource | SecretsSettingsSource,
+        secrets_dir: Optional['PathType'] = None,
+        secrets_dir_missing: Literal['ok', 'warn', 'error'] | None = None,
+        secrets_dir_max_size: int | None = None,
+        secrets_case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        secrets_prefix: str | None = None,
+        secrets_nested_delimiter: str | None = None,
+        secrets_nested_subdir: bool | None = None,
+        # args for compatibility with SecretsSettingsSource, don't use directly
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # We allow the first argument to be settings_cls like original
+        # SecretsSettingsSource. However, it is recommended to pass
+        # SecretsSettingsSource instance instead (as it is shown in usage examples),
+        # otherwise `_secrets_dir` arg passed to Settings() constructor will be ignored.
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings] = getattr(
+            file_secret_settings,
+            'settings_cls',
+            file_secret_settings,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+        # config options
+        conf = settings_cls.model_config
+        self.secrets_dir: PathType | None = first_not_none(
+            getattr(file_secret_settings, 'secrets_dir', None),
+            secrets_dir,
+            conf.get('secrets_dir'),
+        )
+        self.secrets_dir_missing: Literal['ok', 'warn', 'error'] = first_not_none(
+            secrets_dir_missing,
+            conf.get('secrets_dir_missing'),
+            'warn',
+        )
+        if self.secrets_dir_missing not in ('ok', 'warn', 'error'):
+            raise SettingsError(f'invalid secrets_dir_missing value: {self.secrets_dir_missing}')
+        self.secrets_dir_max_size: int = first_not_none(
+            secrets_dir_max_size,
+            conf.get('secrets_dir_max_size'),
+            SECRETS_DIR_MAX_SIZE,
+        )
+        self.case_sensitive: bool = first_not_none(
+            secrets_case_sensitive,
+            conf.get('secrets_case_sensitive'),
+            case_sensitive,
+            conf.get('case_sensitive'),
+            False,
+        )
+        self.secrets_prefix: str = first_not_none(
+            secrets_prefix,
+            conf.get('secrets_prefix'),
+            env_prefix,
+            conf.get('env_prefix'),
+            '',
+        )
+
+        # nested options
+        self.secrets_nested_delimiter: str | None = first_not_none(
+            secrets_nested_delimiter,
+            conf.get('secrets_nested_delimiter'),
+            conf.get('env_nested_delimiter'),
+        )
+        self.secrets_nested_subdir: bool = first_not_none(
+            secrets_nested_subdir,
+            conf.get('secrets_nested_subdir'),
+            False,
+        )
+        if self.secrets_nested_subdir:
+            if secrets_nested_delimiter or conf.get('secrets_nested_delimiter'):
+                raise SettingsError('Options secrets_nested_delimiter and secrets_nested_subdir are mutually exclusive')
+            else:
+                self.secrets_nested_delimiter = os.sep
+
+        # ensure valid secrets_path
+        if self.secrets_dir is None:
+            paths = []
+        elif isinstance(self.secrets_dir, (Path, str)):
+            paths = [self.secrets_dir]
+        else:
+            paths = list(self.secrets_dir)
+        self.secrets_paths: list[Path] = [Path(p).expanduser().resolve() for p in paths]
+        for path in self.secrets_paths:
+            self.validate_secrets_path(path)
+
+        # construct parent
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls,
+            case_sensitive=self.case_sensitive,
+            env_prefix=self.secrets_prefix,
+            env_nested_delimiter=self.secrets_nested_delimiter,
+            env_ignore_empty=False,  # match SecretsSettingsSource behaviour
+            env_parse_enums=True,  # we can pass everything here, it will still behave as "True"
+            env_parse_none_str=None,  # match SecretsSettingsSource behaviour
+        )
+        self.env_parse_none_str = None  # update manually because of None
+
+        # update parent members
+        if not len(self.secrets_paths):
+            self.env_vars = {}
+        else:
+            secrets = reduce(
+                lambda d1, d2: dict((*d1.items(), *d2.items())),
+                (self.load_secrets(p) for p in self.secrets_paths),
+            )
+            self.env_vars = parse_env_vars(
+                secrets,
+                self.case_sensitive,
+                self.env_ignore_empty,
+                self.env_parse_none_str,
+            )
+
+    def validate_secrets_path(self, path: Path) -> None:
+        if not path.exists():
+            if self.secrets_dir_missing == 'ok':
+                pass
+            elif self.secrets_dir_missing == 'warn':
+                warnings.warn(f'directory "{path}" does not exist', stacklevel=2)
+            elif self.secrets_dir_missing == 'error':
+                raise SettingsError(f'directory "{path}" does not exist')
+            else:
+                raise ValueError  # unreachable, checked before
+        else:
+            if not path.is_dir():
+                raise SettingsError(f'secrets_dir must reference a directory, not a {path_type_label(path)}')
+            secrets_dir_size = sum(f.stat().st_size for f in path.glob('**/*') if f.is_file())
+            if secrets_dir_size > self.secrets_dir_max_size:
+                raise SettingsError(f'secrets_dir size is above {self.secrets_dir_max_size} bytes')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_secrets(path: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {
+            str(p.relative_to(path)): p.read_text().strip()
+            for p in map(Path, iglob(f'{path}/**/*', recursive=True))
+            if p.is_file()
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'NestedSecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir={self.secrets_dir!r})'
+
+
+def first_not_none(*objs: Any) -> Any:
+    return next(filter(lambda o: o is not None, objs), None)

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/pyproject.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Pyproject TOML file settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+)
+
+from .toml import TomlConfigSettingsSource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+class PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource(TomlConfigSettingsSource):
+    """
+    A source class that loads variables from a `pyproject.toml` file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        toml_file: Path | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.toml_file_path = self._pick_pyproject_toml_file(
+            toml_file, settings_cls.model_config.get('pyproject_toml_depth', 0)
+        )
+        self.toml_table_header: tuple[str, ...] = settings_cls.model_config.get(
+            'pyproject_toml_table_header', ('tool', 'pydantic-settings')
+        )
+        self.toml_data = self._read_files(self.toml_file_path)
+        for key in self.toml_table_header:
+            self.toml_data = self.toml_data.get(key, {})
+        super(TomlConfigSettingsSource, self).__init__(settings_cls, self.toml_data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _pick_pyproject_toml_file(provided: Path | None, depth: int) -> Path:
+        """Pick a `pyproject.toml` file path to use.
+
+        Args:
+            provided: Explicit path provided when instantiating this class.
+            depth: Number of directories up the tree to check of a pyproject.toml.
+
+        """
+        if provided:
+            return provided.resolve()
+        rv = Path.cwd() / 'pyproject.toml'
+        count = 0
+        if not rv.is_file():
+            child = rv.parent.parent / 'pyproject.toml'
+            while count < depth:
+                if child.is_file():
+                    return child
+                if str(child.parent) == rv.root:
+                    break  # end discovery after checking system root once
+                child = child.parent.parent / 'pyproject.toml'
+                count += 1
+        return rv
+
+
+__all__ = ['PyprojectTomlConfigSettingsSource']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/secrets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Secrets file settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import os
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+)
+
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+from pydantic_settings.utils import path_type_label
+
+from ...exceptions import SettingsError
+from ..base import PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource
+from ..types import PathType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+
+class SecretsSettingsSource(PydanticBaseEnvSettingsSource):
+    """
+    Source class for loading settings values from secret files.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        secrets_dir: PathType | None = None,
+        case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        env_prefix: str | None = None,
+        env_ignore_empty: bool | None = None,
+        env_parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+        env_parse_enums: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            settings_cls, case_sensitive, env_prefix, env_ignore_empty, env_parse_none_str, env_parse_enums
+        )
+        self.secrets_dir = secrets_dir if secrets_dir is not None else self.config.get('secrets_dir')
+
+    def __call__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Build fields from "secrets" files.
+        """
+        secrets: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+        if self.secrets_dir is None:
+            return secrets
+
+        secrets_dirs = [self.secrets_dir] if isinstance(self.secrets_dir, (str, os.PathLike)) else self.secrets_dir
+        secrets_paths = [Path(p).expanduser() for p in secrets_dirs]
+        self.secrets_paths = []
+
+        for path in secrets_paths:
+            if not path.exists():
+                warnings.warn(f'directory "{path}" does not exist')
+            else:
+                self.secrets_paths.append(path)
+
+        if not len(self.secrets_paths):
+            return secrets
+
+        for path in self.secrets_paths:
+            if not path.is_dir():
+                raise SettingsError(f'secrets_dir must reference a directory, not a {path_type_label(path)}')
+
+        return super().__call__()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_case_path(cls, dir_path: Path, file_name: str, case_sensitive: bool) -> Path | None:
+        """
+        Find a file within path's directory matching filename, optionally ignoring case.
+
+        Args:
+            dir_path: Directory path.
+            file_name: File name.
+            case_sensitive: Whether to search for file name case sensitively.
+
+        Returns:
+            Whether file path or `None` if file does not exist in directory.
+        """
+        for f in dir_path.iterdir():
+            if f.name == file_name:
+                return f
+            elif not case_sensitive and f.name.lower() == file_name.lower():
+                return f
+        return None
+
+    def get_field_value(self, field: FieldInfo, field_name: str) -> tuple[Any, str, bool]:
+        """
+        Gets the value for field from secret file and a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The field.
+            field_name: The field name.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple that contains the value (`None` if the file does not exist), key, and
+                a flag to determine whether value is complex.
+        """
+
+        for field_key, env_name, value_is_complex in self._extract_field_info(field, field_name):
+            # paths reversed to match the last-wins behaviour of `env_file`
+            for secrets_path in reversed(self.secrets_paths):
+                path = self.find_case_path(secrets_path, env_name, self.case_sensitive)
+                if not path:
+                    # path does not exist, we currently don't return a warning for this
+                    continue
+
+                if path.is_file():
+                    return path.read_text().strip(), field_key, value_is_complex
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'attempted to load secret file "{path}" but found a {path_type_label(path)} instead.',
+                        stacklevel=4,
+                    )
+
+        return None, field_key, value_is_complex
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(secrets_dir={self.secrets_dir!r})'

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/toml.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"""TOML file settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+)
+
+from ..base import ConfigFileSourceMixin, InitSettingsSource
+from ..types import DEFAULT_PATH, PathType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        import tomllib
+    else:
+        tomllib = None
+    import tomli
+else:
+    tomllib = None
+    tomli = None
+
+
+def import_toml() -> None:
+    global tomli
+    global tomllib
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        if tomli is not None:
+            return
+        try:
+            import tomli
+        except ImportError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError('tomli is not installed, run `pip install pydantic-settings[toml]`') from e
+    else:
+        if tomllib is not None:
+            return
+        import tomllib
+
+
+class TomlConfigSettingsSource(InitSettingsSource, ConfigFileSourceMixin):
+    """
+    A source class that loads variables from a TOML file
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        toml_file: PathType | None = DEFAULT_PATH,
+    ):
+        self.toml_file_path = toml_file if toml_file != DEFAULT_PATH else settings_cls.model_config.get('toml_file')
+        self.toml_data = self._read_files(self.toml_file_path)
+        super().__init__(settings_cls, self.toml_data)
+
+    def _read_file(self, file_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        import_toml()
+        with open(file_path, mode='rb') as toml_file:
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+                return tomli.load(toml_file)
+            return tomllib.load(toml_file)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(toml_file={self.toml_file_path})'

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/providers/yaml.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""YAML file settings source."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+)
+
+from ..base import ConfigFileSourceMixin, InitSettingsSource
+from ..types import DEFAULT_PATH, PathType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import yaml
+
+    from pydantic_settings.main import BaseSettings
+else:
+    yaml = None
+
+
+def import_yaml() -> None:
+    global yaml
+    if yaml is not None:
+        return
+    try:
+        import yaml
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError('PyYAML is not installed, run `pip install pydantic-settings[yaml]`') from e
+
+
+class YamlConfigSettingsSource(InitSettingsSource, ConfigFileSourceMixin):
+    """
+    A source class that loads variables from a yaml file
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        settings_cls: type[BaseSettings],
+        yaml_file: PathType | None = DEFAULT_PATH,
+        yaml_file_encoding: str | None = None,
+        yaml_config_section: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.yaml_file_path = yaml_file if yaml_file != DEFAULT_PATH else settings_cls.model_config.get('yaml_file')
+        self.yaml_file_encoding = (
+            yaml_file_encoding
+            if yaml_file_encoding is not None
+            else settings_cls.model_config.get('yaml_file_encoding')
+        )
+        self.yaml_config_section = (
+            yaml_config_section
+            if yaml_config_section is not None
+            else settings_cls.model_config.get('yaml_config_section')
+        )
+        self.yaml_data = self._read_files(self.yaml_file_path)
+
+        if self.yaml_config_section:
+            try:
+                self.yaml_data = self.yaml_data[self.yaml_config_section]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    f'yaml_config_section key "{self.yaml_config_section}" not found in {self.yaml_file_path}'
+                )
+        super().__init__(settings_cls, self.yaml_data)
+
+    def _read_file(self, file_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        import_yaml()
+        with open(file_path, encoding=self.yaml_file_encoding) as yaml_file:
+            return yaml.safe_load(yaml_file) or {}
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}(yaml_file={self.yaml_file_path})'
+
+
+__all__ = ['YamlConfigSettingsSource']

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Type definitions for pydantic-settings sources."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic._internal._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from pydantic.main import BaseModel
+
+    PydanticModel = PydanticDataclass | BaseModel
+else:
+    PydanticModel = Any
+
+
+class EnvNoneType(str):
+    pass
+
+
+class NoDecode:
+    """Annotation to prevent decoding of a field value."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ForceDecode:
+    """Annotation to force decoding of a field value."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+DotenvType = Path | str | Sequence[Path | str]
+PathType = Path | str | Sequence[Path | str]
+DEFAULT_PATH: PathType = Path('')
+
+# This is used as default value for `_env_file` in the `BaseSettings` class and
+# `env_file` in `DotEnvSettingsSource` so the default can be distinguished from `None`.
+# See the docstring of `BaseSettings` for more details.
+ENV_FILE_SENTINEL: DotenvType = Path('')
+
+
+class _CliSubCommand:
+    pass
+
+
+class _CliPositionalArg:
+    pass
+
+
+class _CliImplicitFlag:
+    pass
+
+
+class _CliExplicitFlag:
+    pass
+
+
+class _CliUnknownArgs:
+    pass
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'DEFAULT_PATH',
+    'ENV_FILE_SENTINEL',
+    'DotenvType',
+    'EnvNoneType',
+    'ForceDecode',
+    'NoDecode',
+    'PathType',
+    'PydanticModel',
+    '_CliExplicitFlag',
+    '_CliImplicitFlag',
+    '_CliPositionalArg',
+    '_CliSubCommand',
+    '_CliUnknownArgs',
+]

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/sources/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+"""Utility functions for pydantic-settings sources."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any, cast, get_args, get_origin
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Json, RootModel, Secret
+from pydantic._internal._utils import is_model_class
+from pydantic.dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from ..exceptions import SettingsError
+from ..utils import _lenient_issubclass
+from .types import EnvNoneType
+
+
+def _get_env_var_key(key: str, case_sensitive: bool = False) -> str:
+    return key if case_sensitive else key.lower()
+
+
+def _parse_env_none_str(value: str | None, parse_none_str: str | None = None) -> str | None | EnvNoneType:
+    return value if not (value == parse_none_str and parse_none_str is not None) else EnvNoneType(value)
+
+
+def parse_env_vars(
+    env_vars: Mapping[str, str | None],
+    case_sensitive: bool = False,
+    ignore_empty: bool = False,
+    parse_none_str: str | None = None,
+) -> Mapping[str, str | None]:
+    return {
+        _get_env_var_key(k, case_sensitive): _parse_env_none_str(v, parse_none_str)
+        for k, v in env_vars.items()
+        if not (ignore_empty and v == '')
+    }
+
+
+def _annotation_is_complex(annotation: Any, metadata: list[Any]) -> bool:
+    # If the model is a root model, the root annotation should be used to
+    # evaluate the complexity.
+    if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(annotation) or typing_objects.is_typealiastype(get_origin(annotation)):
+        annotation = annotation.__value__
+    if annotation is not None and _lenient_issubclass(annotation, RootModel) and annotation is not RootModel:
+        annotation = cast('type[RootModel[Any]]', annotation)
+        root_annotation = annotation.model_fields['root'].annotation
+        if root_annotation is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            annotation = root_annotation
+
+    if any(isinstance(md, Json) for md in metadata):  # type: ignore[misc]
+        return False
+
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+
+    # Check if annotation is of the form Annotated[type, metadata].
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(origin):
+        # Return result of recursive call on inner type.
+        inner, *meta = get_args(annotation)
+        return _annotation_is_complex(inner, meta)
+
+    if origin is Secret:
+        return False
+
+    return (
+        _annotation_is_complex_inner(annotation)
+        or _annotation_is_complex_inner(origin)
+        or hasattr(origin, '__pydantic_core_schema__')
+        or hasattr(origin, '__get_pydantic_core_schema__')
+    )
+
+
+def _annotation_is_complex_inner(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    if _lenient_issubclass(annotation, (str, bytes)):
+        return False
+
+    return _lenient_issubclass(
+        annotation, (BaseModel, Mapping, Sequence, tuple, set, frozenset, deque)
+    ) or is_dataclass(annotation)
+
+
+def _union_is_complex(annotation: type[Any] | None, metadata: list[Any]) -> bool:
+    """Check if a union type contains any complex types."""
+    return any(_annotation_is_complex(arg, metadata) for arg in get_args(annotation))
+
+
+def _annotation_contains_types(
+    annotation: type[Any] | None,
+    types: tuple[Any, ...],
+    is_include_origin: bool = True,
+    is_strip_annotated: bool = False,
+    is_instance: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if a type annotation contains any of the specified types."""
+    if is_strip_annotated:
+        annotation = _strip_annotated(annotation)
+    if is_include_origin is True:
+        origin = get_origin(annotation)
+        if origin in types:
+            return True
+        if is_instance and any(isinstance(origin, type_) for type_ in types):
+            return True
+    for type_ in get_args(annotation):
+        if _annotation_contains_types(
+            type_, types, is_include_origin=True, is_strip_annotated=is_strip_annotated, is_instance=is_instance
+        ):
+            return True
+    if is_instance and any(isinstance(annotation, type_) for type_ in types):
+        return True
+    return annotation in types
+
+
+def _strip_annotated(annotation: Any) -> Any:
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(annotation)):
+        return annotation.__origin__
+    else:
+        return annotation
+
+
+def _annotation_enum_val_to_name(annotation: type[Any] | None, value: Any) -> str | None:
+    for type_ in (annotation, get_origin(annotation), *get_args(annotation)):
+        if _lenient_issubclass(type_, Enum):
+            if value in tuple(val.value for val in type_):
+                return type_(value).name
+    return None
+
+
+def _annotation_enum_name_to_val(annotation: type[Any] | None, name: Any) -> Any:
+    for type_ in (annotation, get_origin(annotation), *get_args(annotation)):
+        if _lenient_issubclass(type_, Enum):
+            if name in tuple(val.name for val in type_):
+                return type_[name]
+    return None
+
+
+def _get_model_fields(model_cls: type[Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get fields from a pydantic model or dataclass."""
+
+    if is_pydantic_dataclass(model_cls) and hasattr(model_cls, '__pydantic_fields__'):
+        return model_cls.__pydantic_fields__
+    if is_model_class(model_cls):
+        return model_cls.model_fields
+    raise SettingsError(f'Error: {model_cls.__name__} is not subclass of BaseModel or pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass')
+
+
+def _get_alias_names(
+    field_name: str,
+    field_info: Any,
+    alias_path_args: dict[str, int | None] | None = None,
+    case_sensitive: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[tuple[str, ...], bool]:
+    """Get alias names for a field, handling alias paths and case sensitivity."""
+    from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+
+    alias_names: list[str] = []
+    is_alias_path_only: bool = True
+    if not any((field_info.alias, field_info.validation_alias)):
+        alias_names += [field_name]
+        is_alias_path_only = False
+    else:
+        new_alias_paths: list[AliasPath] = []
+        for alias in (field_info.alias, field_info.validation_alias):
+            if alias is None:
+                continue
+            elif isinstance(alias, str):
+                alias_names.append(alias)
+                is_alias_path_only = False
+            elif isinstance(alias, AliasChoices):
+                for name in alias.choices:
+                    if isinstance(name, str):
+                        alias_names.append(name)
+                        is_alias_path_only = False
+                    else:
+                        new_alias_paths.append(name)
+            else:
+                new_alias_paths.append(alias)
+        for alias_path in new_alias_paths:
+            name = cast(str, alias_path.path[0])
+            name = name.lower() if not case_sensitive else name
+            if alias_path_args is not None:
+                alias_path_args[name] = (
+                    alias_path.path[1] if len(alias_path.path) > 1 and isinstance(alias_path.path[1], int) else None
+                )
+            if not alias_names and is_alias_path_only:
+                alias_names.append(name)
+    if not case_sensitive:
+        alias_names = [alias_name.lower() for alias_name in alias_names]
+    return tuple(dict.fromkeys(alias_names)), is_alias_path_only
+
+
+def _is_function(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object is a function."""
+    from types import BuiltinFunctionType, FunctionType
+
+    return isinstance(obj, (FunctionType, BuiltinFunctionType))
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    '_annotation_contains_types',
+    '_annotation_enum_name_to_val',
+    '_annotation_enum_val_to_name',
+    '_annotation_is_complex',
+    '_annotation_is_complex_inner',
+    '_get_alias_names',
+    '_get_env_var_key',
+    '_get_model_fields',
+    '_is_function',
+    '_parse_env_none_str',
+    '_strip_annotated',
+    '_union_is_complex',
+    'parse_env_vars',
+]

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import types
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, _GenericAlias, get_origin  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+
+_PATH_TYPE_LABELS = {
+    Path.is_dir: 'directory',
+    Path.is_file: 'file',
+    Path.is_mount: 'mount point',
+    Path.is_symlink: 'symlink',
+    Path.is_block_device: 'block device',
+    Path.is_char_device: 'char device',
+    Path.is_fifo: 'FIFO',
+    Path.is_socket: 'socket',
+}
+
+
+def path_type_label(p: Path) -> str:
+    """
+    Find out what sort of thing a path is.
+    """
+    assert p.exists(), 'path does not exist'
+    for method, name in _PATH_TYPE_LABELS.items():
+        if method(p):
+            return name
+
+    return 'unknown'  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+# TODO remove and replace usage by `isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)`
+# once we drop support for Python 3.10.
+def _lenient_issubclass(cls: Any, class_or_tuple: Any) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)
+    except TypeError:
+        if get_origin(cls) is not None:
+            # Up until Python 3.10, isinstance(<generic_alias>, type) is True
+            # (e.g. list[int])
+            return False
+        raise
+
+
+_WithArgsTypes = (_GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType)

venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic_settings/version.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+VERSION = '2.12.0'